Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Literary Genres: Systematization

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to introduce students to the topic of literary genres, establishing an initial understanding of the fundamental concepts and the characteristics that define each genre. This introduction is crucial to prepare students for the detailed explanations that will follow, ensuring they have a clear context and a solid foundation for subsequent learning.

Main Objectives

1. Understand the basic concepts of the main literary genres: epic, lyrical, and dramatic.

2. Identify the distinctive characteristics of each literary genre.

3. Recognize the importance and influence of literary genres in literature and culture.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to introduce students to the topic of literary genres, establishing an initial understanding of the fundamental concepts and the characteristics that define each genre. This introduction is crucial to prepare students for the detailed explanations that will follow, ensuring they have a clear context and a solid foundation for subsequent learning.

Context

To start the class on literary genres, it is important to contextualize students about the relevance of literary texts in human history. Literature is a form of artistic expression that reflects the emotions, thoughts, and realities of different times and cultures. Literary genres are categories that help organize the vast literary production, allowing for a clearer and more structured understanding of the works. Each literary genre has its own characteristics that differentiate it from others, and knowing these characteristics is essential for the analysis and appreciation of literary works.

Curiosities

Did you know that literary genres have roots in Ancient Greece? Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle, were the first to systematize literary genres, creating a classification that continues to influence how we study literature today. Furthermore, many movies and TV series that you watch nowadays are also influenced by these classic literary genres, showing that these categories are still extremely relevant in the modern world.

Development

Duration: (40 - 50 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to provide a detailed and in-depth understanding of the main literary genres. By exploring each specific genre, the teacher should ensure that students are able to identify and differentiate their characteristics, as well as recognize the relevance and influence of each genre in literature and culture. This development is essential to consolidate knowledge and prepare students for more sophisticated analyses of literary works.

Covered Topics

1. Epic Genre: Explain that the epic genre is characterized by long narratives that describe heroic deeds and grand adventures. Example with classic works such as 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' by Homer, highlighting the presence of heroes, gods, and epic battles. 2. Lyrical Genre: Detail that the lyrical genre is marked by the expression of the author's feelings and emotions. Generally, it is written in verses and has a more subjective language. Examples include the sonnets of Camões and the poetry of Fernando Pessoa. Emphasize musicality and subjectivity as main characteristics. 3. Dramatic Genre: Describe that the dramatic genre is focused on theatrical representation, with dialogues and actions that develop the plot. Explain that this genre includes tragedies, comedies, and dramas. Example with plays by Shakespeare such as 'Hamlet' and 'Romeo and Juliet', emphasizing the structure of acts and scenes.

Classroom Questions

1. What is the main difference between the epic and lyrical genres? 2. Name an example of a work from the dramatic genre and explain its main characteristics. 3. How are feelings and emotions expressed in the lyrical genre? Give an example.

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired by students, promoting an in-depth discussion about the answers to the previously presented questions. This moment allows the teacher to check students' understanding, clarify doubts, and stimulate critical thinking, as well as engage students in a deeper reflection on the content studied.

Discussion

• What is the main difference between the epic and lyrical genres?

• The epic genre is characterized by long narratives that describe heroic deeds and grand adventures, as seen in works such as 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' by Homer. The lyrical genre, on the other hand, is centered on the expression of the author's feelings and emotions, usually written in verses and with a more subjective language, as seen in the sonnets of Camões and the poetry of Fernando Pessoa. Epic narrative focuses on external and heroic events, while lyrical focuses on introspection and personal emotion.

• Name an example of a work from the dramatic genre and explain its main characteristics.

• A classic example of the dramatic genre is 'Hamlet' by William Shakespeare. The dramatic genre is focused on theatrical representation, developing the plot through dialogues and actions. In 'Hamlet', we observe a structure divided into acts and scenes, with engaging characters and intense conflicts that explore themes such as revenge, morality, and madness. The work is an excellent example of how the dramatic genre utilizes the stage and actor performance to tell a story vividly and captivatingly.

• How are feelings and emotions expressed in the lyrical genre? Give an example.

• In the lyrical genre, feelings and emotions are expressed subjectively and personally, usually through poetic and musical language. An example is the poem 'Autopsychography' by Fernando Pessoa, where the author uses metaphor and the musicality of the verses to explore the duality between genuine feeling and the art of pretending. This poem illustrates how the lyrical genre allows the author introspection and deep expression of their emotions and thoughts.

Student Engagement

1. What is your favorite literary genre and why? Give an example of a work from that genre. 2. How do you think an author decides which literary genre to use for their work? 3. Discuss how the literary genres we studied today influence other art forms, such as films and TV series. 4. If you were to write a literary work, which genre would you choose and why? What themes or emotions would you like to explore?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the main content covered, providing students with a clear and summarized view of what has been learned. This final moment is crucial to reinforce understanding and ensure that students leave the class with a solid grasp of literary genres.

Summary

• Literary genres are categories that help organize the vast literary production.
• The three main literary genres are: epic, lyrical, and dramatic.
• The epic genre is characterized by long narratives that describe heroic deeds and grand adventures, such as 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey' by Homer.
• The lyrical genre is marked by the expression of the author's feelings and emotions, usually written in verses, as seen in the sonnets of Camões and the poetry of Fernando Pessoa.
• The dramatic genre is focused on theatrical representation, with dialogues and actions that develop the plot, exemplified by plays such as 'Hamlet' and 'Romeo and Juliet' by Shakespeare.

The class connected the theory of literary genres with practice by using concrete examples of classic and contemporary works. This allowed students to visualize how the theoretical concepts manifest in the literary works they may read or watch, facilitating the understanding of the distinctive characteristics of each genre.

Understanding literary genres is essential not only for the analysis of literary works but also for appreciating other forms of art, such as films and TV series, which often use these same categories. Knowing these genres allows students to develop a more refined critical eye and a greater appreciation for culture and art.