Lesson Plan | Socioemotional Learning | Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Pi and Sigma Bonds

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to provide students with a clear understanding of the specific objectives of the lesson and to prepare the ground for the development of socio-emotional skills. By clearly defining what will be learned and how it relates to the necessary skills, students can engage more effectively and recognize the importance of the content in the context of their own emotions and social interactions.

Main Goals

1. Differentiate pi and sigma bonds and understand their consequences on the properties of molecules and molecular geometry.

2. Correctly count and identify the number of pi and sigma electrons in different organic molecules.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

Emotional Warm-up Activity

Guided Meditation for Focus and Concentration

The chosen emotional warm-up activity is Guided Meditation. This practice helps promote focus, presence, and concentration among students, emotionally preparing them for the lesson content. During the guided meditation, students will be instructed to concentrate on their breathing and relaxing mental images, facilitating stress reduction and increasing attention capacity.

1. 律 Step 1: Ask students to sit comfortably in their chairs, with their feet on the floor and their hands resting on their thighs.

2. ️ Step 2: Instruct students to close their eyes and bring their attention to their breathing. Ask them to inhale deeply and slowly through their nose, filling their lungs, and then exhale gently through their mouth.

3. ️ Step 3: Guide them to visualize a calm and relaxing place, such as a beach, a flower field, or a forest. Describe the environment vividly, mentioning sounds, colors, and sensations they can imagine.

4. ⏳ Step 4: Continue to guide the students' breathing, encouraging them to maintain a steady and relaxed rhythm. Stay in this visualization for about 5-7 minutes.

5.  Step 5: Slowly ask students to start bringing their attention back to the classroom by gently moving their fingers and toes. Instruct them to open their eyes when they are ready, bringing with them the state of calmness and focus.

Content Contextualization

Pi and sigma bonds are fundamental for understanding the structure and properties of organic molecules. For example, the flexibility and resistance of materials such as plastic and rubber depend directly on these bonds. Knowing how these bonds work can help students better understand the materials they use in their daily lives and even inspire them to innovate in future technological applications.

Additionally, understanding these bonds is also crucial for careers in fields such as medicine, where the design of new medications depends on precise understanding of molecular interactions. By recognizing the practical importance of this knowledge, students may feel more motivated and engaged in learning about organic chemistry.

Development

Duration: (60 - 75 minutes)

Theoretical Framework

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Definition of Sigma and Pi Bonds:

2. Explain that sigma (σ) bonds are formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, while pi (π) bonds result from the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals. Sigma bonds are stronger and allow for free rotation of atoms around the bond axis, while pi bonds restrict this rotation due to their lateral nature.

3. Examples of Sigma and Pi Bonds:

4. Use ethane (C2H6) to illustrate a sigma bond, where each C-H bond and the C-C bond are sigma. For a pi bond example, use ethylene (C2H4), where the double bond between the carbons consists of one sigma and one pi bond.

5. Importance of Pi and Sigma Bonds in Molecular Properties:

6. Discuss how sigma and pi bonds influence the physical and chemical properties of molecules. For example, molecules with pi bonds, such as benzene, tend to be more reactive and have unique characteristics, such as resonance that contributes to the stability of the molecule.

7. Molecular Geometry and Hybridization:

8. Explain how the hybridization of atomic orbitals leads to the formation of different molecular geometries. For example, sp3 hybridization in methane (CH4) results in a tetrahedral geometry with only sigma bonds, while sp2 hybridization in ethylene (C2H4) results in a trigonal planar geometry with one sigma bond and one pi bond.

9. Counting Sigma and Pi Bonds:

10. Provide practical exercises where students identify and count the sigma and pi bonds in various organic molecules. For example, in acetylene (C2H2), there are two sigma bonds and two pi bonds.

Socioemotional Feedback Activity

Duration: (35 - 40 minutes)

Exploration of Pi and Sigma Bonds in Organic Molecules

Students will work in groups to analyze different organic molecules, identify the number of sigma and pi bonds, and discuss how these bonds influence the properties and reactivity of the molecules.

1.  Step 1: Divide the class into groups of 3 to 4 students.

2.  Step 2: Distribute to each group a list of varied organic molecules, such as ethane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, and others.

3. ️ Step 3: Ask the groups to identify and count the sigma and pi bonds in each molecule on the provided list.

4.  Step 4: Request that the groups discuss how sigma and pi bonds influence the physical and chemical properties of each molecule, noting their conclusions.

5. ️ Step 5: Each group should present their findings and reflections to the class, highlighting the observed differences between the molecules.

Group Discussion

To apply the RULER method during the group discussion, start by asking students to recognize and share their emotions while working in groups and when facing challenges in identifying the bonds. Encourage them to understand the causes of these emotions by discussing how the complexity of the content can generate frustration or satisfaction. Help them to name these emotions correctly, such as stress, anxiety, joy, or achievement.

Then, foster an environment where students can express their emotions appropriately, sharing their experiences and reflections respectfully. Finally, guide the class to discuss strategies to regulate their emotions effectively, such as practicing patience, asking for help when needed, and celebrating small victories throughout the learning process.

Conclusion

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

Emotional Reflection and Regulation

To conclude the lesson, promote a reflection activity where students can share their experiences and emotions related to the activities performed. Use a group discussion format or ask students to write a brief paragraph about the challenges faced during the identification and counting of pi and sigma bonds. Encourage them to describe how they felt working in groups, how they dealt with difficulties, and which strategies they used to maintain calmness and focus. This activity will help students identify and regulate their emotions, promoting self-awareness and self-control.

Objective: The objective of this subsection is to encourage self-assessment and emotional regulation, helping students reflect on their emotional experiences during the lesson. By identifying challenges faced and effective strategies for dealing with challenging situations, students can develop self-awareness and self-control skills, applying these competencies in future academic and personal contexts.

Closure and A Look Into The Future

To finalize the lesson, have a discussion on the definition of personal and academic goals related to the content learned. Guide students to think about how they can apply their knowledge of pi and sigma bonds in their future studies and daily lives. Encourage them to set clear and achievable goals, both academically to improve their performance in chemistry, and personally to develop problem-solving and teamwork skills.

Possible Goal Ideas:

1. Improve understanding of the structure of organic molecules.

2. Apply knowledge of pi and sigma bonds in practical situations.

3. Develop problem-solving skills in chemistry.

4. Strengthen teamwork and effective communication.

5. Identify and regulate emotions during challenging activities. Objective: The objective of this subsection is to strengthen students' autonomy and the practical application of learning, stimulating the continuation of academic and personal development. By setting clear and specific goals, students can direct their efforts effectively, promoting continuous learning and improvement of socio-emotional skills.