Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the Acid-Base Properties of Organic Compounds: Students should be able to differentiate between acids and bases, and how acid-base properties apply to organic compounds. This includes the ability to identify acidic and basic organic compounds based on their molecular structures.

2. Relate Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Compounds: Students should be able to establish connections between the molecular structure of an organic compound and its physicochemical properties, specifically its acidity or basicity. This involves analyzing molecular structures and predicting their properties based on this analysis.

3. Apply Knowledge of Acidity and Basicity in Organic Chemistry: Students should be able to apply the concept of acidity and basicity in problem-solving and predicting chemical reactions involving organic compounds. This may include predicting the behavior of a compound in a reaction or interpreting the results of a reaction based on its acidity or basicity.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills: Through the practical application of the concept of acidity and basicity, students should be able to develop their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This may include the ability to analyze experimental data, make predictions based on limited information, and justify their answers based on evidence.

• Foster Interest in Organic Chemistry: By making the learning of organic chemistry more interactive and applied, the lesson plan also aims to spark students' interest in the discipline, showing how theoretical concepts have relevant practical applications.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start by briefly reviewing the concepts of acids and bases, and how they react when dissolved in water. This includes the idea of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) and the concept of pH. This review is crucial to establish a solid foundation for introducing the acid-base properties of organic compounds.

2. Problem Situation 1: The teacher can then present students with a problem situation: "Imagine you are a scientist trying to develop a new medication. You need to understand how the medication interacts with the body, and one of the key considerations is the acidity or basicity of the medication. How would you start investigating this property?"

3. Contextualization: The teacher should emphasize the importance of organic compounds in everyday life, mentioning examples such as medications, foods, and cleaning products. They can explain that the acidity and basicity of these compounds play a crucial role in how they function and interact with the environment.

4. Introduction to the Topic: The teacher should then introduce the topic of the lesson - the acid-base properties of organic compounds - with curiosities or interesting facts. For example:

   • "Did you know that the sour taste of lemons and the smell of vinegar are due to the presence of organic acids?"
   • "And that caffeine, one of the most common stimulants, is an organic compound that is slightly acidic?"

5. Problem Situation 2: To further engage students, the teacher can propose a second problem situation: "Let's suppose you have an unknown solution and need to determine if it is acidic, basic, or neutral. What experiment would you do to find out?"

6. Lesson Objectives: Finally, the teacher should present the learning objectives of the lesson, highlighting that by the end of the lesson, students will be able to identify and predict the acid-base properties of organic compounds and apply this knowledge in problem-solving.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Molecular Modeling Activity: (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should divide the class into groups of 4 to 5 students. Each group will receive a set of molecular modeling pieces, which may include marbles of different colors and sizes, and sticks of different lengths.
   • Activity Description: The teacher should explain that the goal of the activity is to build molecular models of different organic compounds and then identify which ones are acids and which are bases. Students should be encouraged to be creative in choosing the compounds they want to model.
   • Execution: Students, in their groups, should select an organic compound and start building their molecular model. They should pay attention to the structure of the compound and think about how this structure can influence its acid-base properties. When they finish, they should explain to the class why they think their compound is acidic or basic.
   • Group Discussion: After each group presents their model and justification, the teacher should facilitate a classroom discussion about the different structures and acid-base properties of the modeled organic compounds. This allows students to see how the molecular structure affects the acidity or basicity of a compound.

2. Problem-Solving Activity: (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should provide each group with a set of problems related to the acidity and basicity of organic compounds. The problems should vary in difficulty, allowing students to apply the concepts learned progressively.
   • Activity Description: The teacher should explain that students must work together to solve the problems, using the knowledge acquired during the molecular modeling activity.
   • Execution: Students, in their groups, should start solving the problems. They should discuss among themselves the solutions, justifying their answers based on the structure and acid-base properties of the compounds. The teacher should circulate around the room, assisting the groups as needed.
   • Group Discussion: After the designated time, the teacher should facilitate a classroom discussion about the solutions to the problems. This allows students to see different approaches to problem-solving and reinforces the concepts learned during the molecular modeling activity.

3. Group Discussion Activity: (5 - 8 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should provide each group with a list of discussion questions. The questions should be based on the previous activities and should encourage students to reflect on what they have learned.
   • Activity Description: The teacher should explain that students should discuss the questions in their groups and then share their answers with the class.
   • Execution: Students, in their groups, should discuss the questions. Then, each group should share their answers with the class. The teacher should facilitate the discussion, asking follow-up questions and providing feedback. This activity allows students to consolidate their learning and develop communication and critical thinking skills.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: (3 - 4 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should gather all students in a large group and start a general discussion about the solutions or conclusions found by each group during the molecular modeling and problem-solving activity.
   • Activity Description: The teacher should encourage each group to briefly share their experience with molecular modeling and how the structure of organic compounds affected their acidity or basicity. Additionally, the teacher may ask some groups to share the solutions or strategies they used to solve the proposed problems.
   • Execution: Students, in their groups, should discuss the questions. Then, each group should share their answers with the class. The teacher should facilitate the discussion, asking follow-up questions and providing feedback. This activity allows students to consolidate their learning and identify any gaps in their understanding.

2. Connection to Theory: (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should prepare some questions to promote students' reflection on the connection between the practical activity and the theory presented in the lesson's Introduction.
   • Activity Description: The teacher should present the questions, which may include: "How does the molecular structure of an organic compound influence its acidity or basicity?" and "How did the molecular modeling activity help you better understand this concept?"
   • Execution: Students, in their groups, should discuss the questions. Then, each group should share their answers with the class. The teacher should facilitate the discussion, asking follow-up questions and providing feedback. This activity allows students to reflect on what they have learned and how the concepts apply in practice.

3. Individual Reflection: (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should suggest that students engage in individual reflection on what they learned in the lesson.
   • Activity Description: The teacher should provide a reflection question, such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" or "What questions have not been answered yet?"
   • Execution: Students should silently think for a minute and then share their answers with the class. The teacher should encourage all students to participate and ensure that each response is respected and valued. This activity allows students to consolidate their learning and identify any gaps in their understanding.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap: The teacher should start the Conclusion of the lesson by summarizing the main points covered during the lesson. They should recap the definition of acids and bases, the difference between them, and how these properties apply to organic compounds. The teacher should also reiterate the importance of understanding the acidity and basicity of organic compounds in organic chemistry and practical applications. (1 - 2 minutes)

2. Connection between Theory and Practice: The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory - the definition of acids and bases and the acidity and basicity of organic compounds - with practice, through the molecular modeling and problem-solving activities. They should emphasize that understanding the theory is fundamental for the practical application of these concepts. (1 minute)

3. Extra Materials: The teacher should suggest some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the lesson topic. These materials may include organic chemistry books, online chemistry websites, educational videos, and molecular modeling apps. The teacher should also encourage students to review their class notes and complete any homework or tasks related to the topic. (1 minute)

4. Practical Applications: The teacher should then discuss some practical applications of what was learned in the lesson. They may mention, for example, how understanding the acidity and basicity of organic compounds is crucial in formulating medications, producing food and beverages, and predicting chemical reactions in natural and industrial environments. This helps demonstrate the relevance of the concepts learned and motivates students to continue exploring the subject. (1 - 2 minutes)

5. Closure: Finally, the teacher should end the lesson by thanking the students for their participation and effort. They should reinforce that understanding the concepts of acid and base and acidity and basicity is fundamental for organic chemistry and can be applied in many aspects of everyday life. The teacher should also remind students of the next topic to be covered in the next lesson and encourage them to continue studying and exploring organic chemistry. (1 minute)