Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of conflict: The teacher should help students understand the concept of conflict in the context of Geography, focusing on how it manifests at different scales, from local conflicts to global conflicts.

2. Analyze the current relevance of conflicts: Students should learn to identify and analyze current conflicts occurring in different parts of the world, considering the causes, consequences, and possible solutions.

3. Relate Geography to current conflicts: The teacher should assist students in relating the study of Geography to the understanding of current conflicts, showing how geographical factors can influence the emergence and resolution of conflicts.

Secondary Objectives

1. Develop research skills: During the lesson, students will be encouraged to research current conflicts in order to deepen their understanding and develop research skills.

2. Stimulate critical thinking: By analyzing current conflicts, students will be encouraged to think critically about the information they find, evaluating different perspectives and considering possible biases.

3. Promote debate and discussion: The teacher should encourage students to participate in classroom discussions, promoting debate and the exchange of ideas about the conflicts studied.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing previous concepts that are fundamental to understanding the topic of the lesson. This includes concepts of political geography, such as borders, sovereignty, and geopolitics. Additionally, the teacher may briefly review conflict concepts, such as causes, types, and consequences, to ensure that students are prepared for the new content. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem Situations: Next, the teacher should present two situations involving current conflicts. One could be a local conflict, such as the dispute over indigenous lands in Brazil, and the other could be a global conflict, such as the crisis in Ukraine. The goal is to arouse students' interest and encourage them to think about the lesson topic. (3 - 5 minutes)

   1. Example 1: "Imagine that you are members of an indigenous tribe fighting to maintain possession of your ancestral land. What would be your main concerns? How could you resolve this conflict peacefully?"

   2. Example 2: "You are diplomats from a European country and have been sent to mediate the crisis in Ukraine. What would be the main difficulties you would face? How could you help resolve the conflict?"

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then explain the importance of studying current conflicts in Geography. They can discuss how conflicts can shape borders, geopolitics, and international relations. Additionally, they can mention how understanding current conflicts can help predict and prevent future conflicts. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction of the Topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the lesson, explaining that students will learn to analyze and understand current conflicts from a geographical perspective. They may mention that the studied conflicts will be varied, including territorial, ethnic, religious conflicts, among others. Additionally, they can mention that students will have the opportunity to research and discuss conflicts of their interest. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory - Conflict Concept (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should start the theoretical part of the lesson by explaining the concept of conflict and its different manifestations in society. They should emphasize that conflicts can occur at different scales, from local conflicts between individuals or groups to global conflicts between nations. The teacher can provide examples of recent conflicts to illustrate these different levels of conflict. Additionally, the main causes of conflict should be discussed, which can range from territorial and resource issues to cultural and ideological differences. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Theory - Geography and Conflicts (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should then explain how Geography can influence the emergence and resolution of conflicts. This may include geographical factors such as location, climate, topography, and resource distribution. The teacher can provide examples of conflicts where Geography played an important role, such as the dispute between Israel and Palestine over land. They should emphasize that Geography does not cause conflicts, but can create conditions that facilitate or hinder conflict resolution. (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Practical Activity - Conflict Analysis (7 - 10 minutes): The teacher should then divide the class into groups and provide each group with a current conflict to analyze. The conflicts can vary in scale and nature, and students should be encouraged to choose conflicts that interest them. The teacher should guide students to analyze the conflict considering the causes, consequences, and possible solutions, and to identify the geographical factors that may be influencing the conflict. After the analysis, each group should present their conclusions to the class, thus promoting discussion and debate. (7 - 10 minutes)

4. Practical Activity - Conflict Research (3 - 5 minutes): If time allows, the teacher may ask students to research more about the conflict they chose. They should look for recent news, academic articles, and other resources that can help them better understand the conflict. Students should be encouraged to think critically about the information they find, considering different perspectives and possible biases. The teacher can provide a list of questions to guide the research, such as "What are the main causes of the conflict?" and "What are the main difficulties for resolving the conflict?". (3 - 5 minutes)

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should ask each group to share the conclusions of their analyses and research on the conflicts they studied. Each group will have a maximum of 3 minutes to present. During the presentations, the teacher should encourage other students to ask questions and express their opinions. This can help promote a collaborative learning environment and deepen students' understanding of the studied conflicts.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher should briefly review the theoretical concepts discussed in the lesson and show how they apply to the conflicts analyzed by the students. For example, the teacher can highlight how Geography influenced the occurrence and resolution of conflicts, or how the causes and consequences of conflicts relate to the conflict theory discussed.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. They can ask questions like: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?". Students should have a minute to think about their answers. After the reflection time, the teacher can ask some students to share their answers with the class. This can help consolidate learning and identify any areas that may need reinforcement in future lessons.

4. Teacher Feedback (1 minute): The teacher should then provide general feedback on the class participation and on the strengths and weaknesses of the discussions. They should praise students' efforts and encourage them to continue deepening their understanding of current conflicts. Additionally, the teacher can suggest homework assignments or additional readings that can help students expand their knowledge on the topic.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by recalling the main points covered during the lesson. This includes the concept of conflict, the analysis of current conflicts, and the relationship between Geography and conflicts. The teacher can give a quick summary of each topic, ensuring that students have understood and retained the most important information.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should highlight how the lesson was able to connect theory, practice, and application. They can cite examples of the conflicts analyzed by students and how they were able to apply the theoretical concepts discussed in the lesson to understand and analyze these conflicts. The teacher should emphasize that understanding current conflicts is an excellent example of how Geography can be applied to understand complex real-world issues.

3. Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest additional study materials for students. This may include books, articles, documentaries, websites, and other sources of information on current conflicts. For example, the teacher may suggest that students watch a documentary on one of the conflicts analyzed in class, or read an article from an international newspaper about a recent conflict. These materials can help students deepen their understanding of the topic and develop their research and analysis skills.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should explain the importance of the lesson topic for students' everyday lives. They can discuss how understanding current conflicts can help students better understand the world they live in and become more informed and engaged citizens. Additionally, the teacher can mention how the skills developed during the lesson, such as critical analysis and research skills, can be useful in many other areas of students' lives.