Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the process of colonization of America:

   • Identify the main characteristics of European colonization in America.
   • Analyze the social, economic, and cultural consequences of colonization.

2. Understand the independence movement of America:

   • Recognize the main causes and factors that led to the independence of the American colonies.
   • Analyze the implications of independence for the geopolitical configuration of America.

3. Develop critical thinking on the topic:

   • Foster reflection on the lasting impacts of colonization and independence in America.
   • Stimulate discussion and critical analysis of the learned contents.

Secondary Objectives:

• Promote the Development of research and presentation skills:

  • Encourage students to seek information on the topic beyond classes, using different research sources.
  • Provide the opportunity to present what was learned in a clear and organized manner.

• Stimulate active student participation:

  • Encourage the exchange of ideas and experiences among students, promoting a collaborative learning environment.
  • Value individual contributions to the collective understanding of the topic.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Contents:

   • The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the essential History General contents for understanding the colonization and independence of America. This may include explaining the colonial system, mercantilism, European maritime expansion, and the Industrial Revolution. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem Situations:

   • The teacher can present two situations that promote students' reflection on the lesson's topic. The first one could be: 'Imagine yourself as a native living in America before the arrival of Europeans. How do you think your life and that of your community would be affected by the arrival of colonizers?' The second situation could be: 'As a European colonizer, what economic and political interests would you have in deciding to colonize America?' (3 - 4 minutes)

3. Contextualization:

   • The teacher should emphasize the importance of the topic, explaining that the colonization and independence of America are fundamental events for understanding the current geopolitical, economic, and cultural situation of the continent. Additionally, they can highlight that these events had profound impacts on the lives of indigenous populations and the formation of Latin American societies. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Capturing Students' Attention:

   • The teacher can mention historical curiosities about the topic, such as: 'Did you know that the colonization of America began with Christopher Columbus's arrival in 1492, but the independence of the colonies only occurred more than 300 years later, with the Haitian Revolution in 1804?' Another curiosity could be: 'Did you know that the independence of the United States in 1776 was a significant milestone for independence movements in Latin America?' (2 - 3 minutes)
   • To further capture students' attention, the teacher can share that the lesson will be conducted in a game format, where students will be divided into teams to solve challenges and conquer territories in America. This playful activity, besides making the lesson more enjoyable, also helps students better understand the historical concepts and events.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Board Game 'Colonization and Independence of America' (15 - 20 minutes)

   • The teacher should organize the classroom into groups of 4 to 5 students. Each group will receive a game board representing the map of America divided into different territories.

   • The game consists of a series of challenges and questions about the colonization and independence of America. Groups advance on the board by correctly answering the questions. For each territory conquered, the group earns points.

   • To prepare the game, the teacher should create question and challenge cards related to the lesson content. The questions and challenges may involve identifying historical figures, understanding key concepts, analyzing historical maps, among others.

   • The teacher should explain the rules of the game and how the questions and challenges should be answered. They can also provide a brief demonstration.

   • During the game, the teacher and assistants should circulate around the room to clarify doubts and ensure that all students are involved and understanding the content.

   • At the end of the stipulated time, the teacher should stop the game. The group that has conquered the most territories is the winner. The teacher should then lead a discussion about the correct answers to the questions and challenges, reinforcing the key concepts of the lesson.

2. Music Composition Activity 'The America We Colonized' (5 - 10 minutes)

   • After the game resolution, the teacher should propose a music composition activity. Student groups should create a song lyric that tells the story of the colonization of America, highlighting the main events, characters, and social, economic, and cultural aspects.

   • The music should be composed using a well-known melody, which can be suggested by the teacher or chosen by the students themselves. The lyrics should be written on paper, which will be handed to the teacher for evaluation.

   • The teacher should guide students to think about the structure of the music, the choice of words, and the message they want to convey. They can provide examples of songs that tell stories and discuss the importance of music as a form of cultural expression.

   • This activity promotes students' creativity, helping them to solidify the lesson content in a playful and meaningful way. Additionally, the composed music can be used in future lessons as a didactic resource.

   • At the end of the activity, the teacher should ask some groups to share the lyrics of their song with the class. They can also reward the best composition, encouraging student participation and engagement.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion about the solutions or conclusions found by each team during the game and the music composition activity.
   • The teacher should encourage students to share their experiences, challenges, strategies, and learnings. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to present their answers or conclusions.
   • During the presentations, the teacher should take note of the most relevant points and connect them with the theoretical concepts covered in the lesson.
   • The teacher can ask questions to deepen the discussion and stimulate students' critical thinking. For example: 'How did colonization affect the lives of indigenous peoples?', 'What were the main causes of the independence of the American colonies?', 'What are the differences and similarities between the colonization of North America and Latin America?'.
   • The objective of this discussion is to promote students' reflection on the lesson content, stimulate critical thinking and idea exchange, and assess the level of understanding and learning of the students.

2. Connection with Theory (3 - 5 minutes)

   • After the group discussion, the teacher should provide a brief summary of the main ideas and conclusions presented by the students.
   • Next, the teacher should connect the practical activities carried out with the theory, explaining how the theoretical concepts were applied and understood by the students.
   • The teacher can also highlight the difficulties encountered by students and propose ways to overcome them. For example, if many students had difficulty understanding the concept of mercantilism, the teacher can suggest reading a complementary text or doing an online activity on the topic.
   • This step is important to consolidate students' learning, clarify doubts, and reinforce the relevance and applicability of the lesson content.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect for a minute on the following questions:
     1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
     2. What questions have not been answered yet?
   • After a minute of reflection, the teacher should ask some students to share their answers with the class.
   • The teacher should value all answers, reinforcing the importance of reflection and questioning in the learning process. They can also clarify the raised doubts and indicate paths to deepen the study on the topic.
   • This final reflection activity helps students internalize the lesson content and identify their own learning needs, in addition to providing valuable feedback to the teacher on the effectiveness of their teaching.

Conclusion (5 - 8 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should recap the main points covered during the lesson, emphasizing the process of colonization of America, the social, economic, and cultural consequences of this process, and the movement of independence of the American colonies.
   • They should also recall the main contributions of students during the practical activities and group discussions, highlighting the well-understood key concepts and the questions that can still be further explored.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected the theory, practice, and applications of the topic. They can mention, for example, how the board game allowed students to apply theoretical concepts in a playful and meaningful way, and how the music composition activity stimulated students' creativity and reflection on the social and cultural implications of colonization.
   • They should also emphasize the relevance of the topic for understanding the current geopolitical, economic, and cultural situation of America.

3. Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest some complementary study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the topic. These materials may include books, documentaries, educational institution websites, among others.
   • For example, they can recommend reading 'The Children of Sánchez: Autobiography of a Mexican Family' by Oscar Lewis, a book that portrays the life of a Mexican family amidst the social and cultural transformations of the 20th century, or the documentary '1492: Conquest of Paradise' by Ridley Scott, which explores Christopher Columbus's arrival in America.
   • The teacher can also indicate some websites where students can find historical maps, biographies of important figures, and other resources that can assist in their studies.

4. Subject's Importance in Daily Life (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the subject in daily life. For instance, they can explain that knowledge about the colonization and independence of America helps understand the social, economic, and cultural inequalities that still exist on the continent, as well as provide insights for reflecting on Latin American identity.
   • They should also stress that understanding these historical events is fundamental for a critical and contextualized view of the world, in addition to contributing to the development of skills such as research, critical analysis, and creative expression.