Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Syntax: Apposition

Objectives

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to ensure that students clearly understand what an apposition is, its function within a sentence, and its nature as an accessory term of the clause. This initial understanding is essential for them to follow and assimilate the content that will be detailed throughout the lesson.

Main Objectives

1. Understand what an apposition is.

2. Recognize the meaning of the apposition in the sentence.

3. Understand that the apposition is an accessory term of the clause.

Introduction

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to ensure that students clearly understand what an apposition is, its function within a sentence, and its nature as an accessory term of the clause. This initial understanding is essential for them to follow and assimilate the content that will be detailed throughout the lesson.

Context

To start the lesson on apposition in Portuguese, begin by presenting an accessible and relevant context for the students. Explain that the Portuguese language is full of details that help enrich and clarify communication. The apposition is one of those details that, even though it is an accessory term, can add valuable information to a sentence. Use simple examples from the students' everyday lives, such as sentences extracted from books, news articles, or even informal conversations.

Curiosities

Did you know that apposition is a tool widely used in literature and journalism to provide more information about a term or person? For example, when reading a news article about a famous athlete, their name may be followed by an apposition that describes their achievements. This helps the reader better understand who the person is and why they are important. This resource is often used in biographies, reports, and even in social media to provide more context and clarity to the information.

Development

Duration: 50 - 60 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' understanding of apposition, including its definitions, types, functions, and punctuation. By exploring these topics with practical examples, students will be able to identify and correctly use apposition in their own written productions.

Covered Topics

1. Definition of Apposition: Explain that the apposition is a term or expression that accompanies a noun or pronoun to clarify or explain it better. It can be a word, an expression, or even a clause. 2. Types of Apposition: Detail the different types of apposition that exist, such as: Explanatory Apposition: Explains or clarifies the previous term, usually placed between commas. Example: 'Pedro, Ana's brother, arrived early.' Enumerative Apposition: Enumerates the elements that make up a whole. Example: 'At the market, I bought fruits: apple, banana, and orange.' Summarizing Apposition: Summarizes, in one term, several previously mentioned elements. Example: 'Paulo, Maria, and João arrived late.' Specific Apposition: Specifies the noun it refers to, usually without commas. Example: 'The poet Carlos Drummond de Andrade is famous.' 3. Function of Apposition: Explain that the apposition can have an essential function for the clarity and richness of the information, even being an accessory term. It adds details that help in understanding the context. 4. Punctuation of Apposition: Discuss the issue of punctuation, highlighting how the comma, colon, and dash are used to separate the apposition from the rest of the sentence, depending on the type of apposition.

Classroom Questions

1. Identify and classify the apposition in the following sentence: 'Carlos, the mechanic, fixed my car quickly.' 2. Rewrite the following sentence by replacing the apposition with another term that serves the same function: 'Brazil, a tropical country, attracts many tourists.' 3. Turn the following sentence into a sentence with an enumerative apposition: 'I bought several items at the supermarket.'

Questions Discussion

Duration: 25 - 30 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired by the students during the lesson. By discussing the answers to the presented questions and engaging students in reflections, the teacher reinforces the understanding of apposition, its types, and its functions, ensuring that students are able to identify and correctly use this accessory term in their written productions.

Discussion

• Identify and classify the apposition in the following sentence: 'Carlos, the mechanic, fixed my car quickly.'

• Explanation: The apposition in this sentence is 'the mechanic'. It is an explanatory apposition because it explains who Carlos is and is placed between commas.

• Rewrite the following sentence by replacing the apposition with another term that serves the same function: 'Brazil, a tropical country, attracts many tourists.'

• Explanation: A possible rewriting of the sentence is: 'Brazil, a warm climate country, attracts many tourists.' Here, 'a warm climate country' functions as an explanatory apposition.

• Turn the following sentence into a sentence with an enumerative apposition: 'I bought several items at the supermarket.'

• Explanation: The sentence can be transformed into: 'I bought several items at the supermarket: rice, beans, pasta, and sugar.' Here, 'rice, beans, pasta, and sugar' are the enumerated items, functioning as an enumerative apposition.

Student Engagement

1. Why is apposition considered an accessory term in the sentence? 2. Discuss with your peers how the use of apposition can help clarify a message. 3. Give an example of a situation in everyday life where the use of apposition is useful. 4. How can punctuation change the meaning of a sentence that contains an apposition? 5. Create a sentence with a specific apposition and share it with the class.

Conclusion

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired by the students during the lesson. By summarizing the main points, explaining the connection between theory and practice, and highlighting the importance of apposition, the teacher reinforces the understanding of the content and ensures that students are able to apply what they have learned in their written productions.

Summary

• The apposition is a term or expression that accompanies a noun or pronoun to clarify or explain it better.
• There are different types of apposition: explanatory, enumerative, summarizing, and specific.
• The apposition is considered an accessory term of the clause, but it can be essential for clarity and richness of information.
• The punctuation of the apposition can vary, with the common use of commas, colons, and dashes to separate it from the rest of the sentence.

The lesson connected theory with practice by presenting clear and direct examples of the use of apposition in different contexts, such as literature and journalism. The proposed exercises allowed students to identify and use appositions, consolidating the theory through practice.

The study of apposition is important for students' daily lives, as it improves clarity and precision in written communication. Knowing how to use appositions appropriately enriches writing and facilitates the understanding of texts, which is essential both in academic life and in everyday situations, such as reading news and writing messages.