Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of Geopolitics and its importance in the global scenario.
2. Analyze the main characteristics and evolution of global Geopolitics over time.
3. Identify and understand the influence of geographical, political, economic, and cultural factors on global Geopolitics.

Secondary objectives:

• Develop research and critical analysis skills.
• Foster debate and discussion in the classroom on current geopolitical issues.
• Promote understanding of the interdependence between nations and regions in the geopolitical context.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous contents: The teacher should start the class by briefly reviewing the concepts of political geography, political economy, and global power. These concepts will serve as the basis for understanding the main topic of the lesson - Global Geopolitics. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem situations:

   • The first situation could be: 'How can a country's geographical location affect its relations with other countries and its position in the global scenario?' The teacher can ask students to think of real examples and discuss their ideas in groups. (2 - 3 minutes)
   • The second situation could be: 'Why do some countries have more power and global influence than others?' This situation can lead to discussions about political, economic, and cultural factors that influence geopolitics. (2 - 3 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain to the students the importance of geopolitics in the current global scenario. They can mention examples of recent conflicts or international issues influenced by geopolitics, such as disputes over natural resources, mass migration, or the development of nuclear weapons. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Engaging students' attention:

   • The teacher can start with a curiosity: 'Did you know that the word geopolitics was coined for the first time in 1899 by a Swede named Rudolf Kjellén, who used it to describe the relationship between power and geography?'
   • Next, they can present an interesting fact: 'Did you know that a country's geographical location can even affect its climate? For example, the Gulf Stream, one of the most important ocean currents in the world, is responsible for keeping Europe warmer than other regions at the same latitude.' (3 - 4 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Geopolitical mapping activity (10 - 12 minutes)

   • The teacher should divide the class into small groups and provide each group with a blank world map and markers.
   • Each group should identify and mark the following elements on the map: main economic blocs, international organizations, countries with greater geopolitical influence, conflict areas, strategic commercial and transportation routes, and important natural resources.
   • At the end of the activity, each group should present their map to the class, explaining the choices and the importance of the marked elements.
   • This activity will allow students to visualize the complexity of global geopolitics and the interactions between the different factors (economic, political, geographical) that influence it.

2. Geopolitical negotiation simulation activity (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Still in groups, students should receive a fictional geopolitical scenario, such as a dispute over a natural resource, a humanitarian crisis, or an international treaty negotiation.
   • Each group will represent a geopolitical actor (a country, an international organization, etc.) and will have to develop a strategy to deal with the scenario, considering the interests and limitations of the actor they represent.
   • After a time for discussion and planning, each group should present their strategy to the class, explaining the reasons behind their choices.
   • This activity will allow students to apply geopolitical concepts in a practical way, promoting critical thinking and the ability to make decisions based on geographical and political information.

3. Classroom discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • After the group presentations, the teacher should lead a classroom discussion, relating the strategies presented to the geopolitical concepts discussed in the lesson.
   • The teacher should encourage students to make connections between the practical activity and the real world, discussing how geopolitical decisions affect people's lives and the course of history.
   • This discussion will allow students to consolidate their understanding of the topic and reflect on the importance of geopolitics in the contemporary world.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion about the solutions and strategies presented by each team during the geopolitical negotiation simulation activity.
   • During the discussion, the teacher should encourage students to share their insights, challenges encountered, and lessons learned.
   • The teacher should also point out which elements of the geopolitical scenario were well understood and which need to be further explored.

2. Connection with theory (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Next, the teacher should make the connection between the practical activities and the theory presented in the lesson.
   • The teacher should highlight how the concepts of geopolitics, global power, and political geography were applied during the activities and how they influenced the strategies developed by the students.
   • The teacher should reinforce the importance of understanding the interaction between geographical, political, economic, and cultural factors to comprehend global geopolitics.

3. Individual reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they have learned.
   • The teacher should ask questions like: 'What was the most important concept you learned today?' and 'What questions have not been answered yet?'.
   • Students should write down their answers and, if they wish, share them with the class.
   • This reflection will allow students to consolidate their learning and identify any gaps in their understanding that need to be addressed in future lessons.

4. Teacher feedback (1 minute)

   • The teacher should provide feedback to the students, praising their efforts and highlighting the main ideas and concepts that were discussed during the lesson.
   • The teacher should also reinforce the importance of the lesson topic and how it connects with other themes in the Geography discipline.
   • The teacher should encourage students to continue exploring the subject on their own and to bring any doubts or observations to future classes.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by recapping the main points of the lesson. They should review the concept of Geopolitics, its evolution over time, and the influence of geographical, political, economic, and cultural factors.
   • They should also highlight the main issues and situations discussed during the practical lesson, reinforcing the importance of understanding the complexity of global geopolitics and the interactions between different actors and elements.

2. Connection between theory and practice (1 minute)

   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory with practice. They should emphasize how the geopolitical mapping and negotiation simulation activities allowed students to apply theoretical concepts in a practical and reflective way.

3. Additional materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest extra materials for students to deepen their understanding of the lesson topic. This may include books, articles, documentaries, news websites, among others.
   • Some examples of materials could be: the book 'Geopolitics: The World Order and Global Power' by Saul Bernard Cohen, the documentary 'The Century of Power' by National Geographic, and the website of the Council on Foreign Relations, which provides analysis and commentary on current geopolitical issues.

4. Relevance of the topic (1 minute)

   • To conclude, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the lesson topic for students' daily lives. They should explain how geopolitics influences relations between countries, the distribution of resources, global conflicts, and crises.
   • They should also highlight how understanding geopolitics can help students better understand the world they live in and become more informed and engaged citizens.

5. Closure (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should end the lesson by thanking the students for their participation, encouraging them to continue studying the topic, and reinforcing the importance of the subject for the study of Geography.