(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of History

During the absolutism period, European monarchs consolidated power in their hands, often justifying their actions with the concept of the 'divine right of kings', which advocated the idea that monarchical authority was of divine origin and could not be questioned. Meanwhile, philosophers like John Locke, in his work 'Two Treatises of Government', proposed a conception of political power based on the consent of the governed and the existence of natural rights. Considering the historical context and the following excerpt from John Locke - 'Men live together in society with several purposes, and, albeit they dissimulate it, all their purposes tend towards security, peace, common defense. For the attainment of these ends, they cede part of their natural liberty' - (Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Second Treatise, Chapter VIII, Paragraph 107), analyze and discuss: 1) In what ways did the absolutist ideology reflect and influence the social and political structures of 17th-century Europe? 2) To what extent did the thought of John Locke and other Enlightenment philosophers challenge the principles of absolutism and how did their ideas contribute to the formation of new political and social foundations in modern Europe?