(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of History

After the decline of military dictatorships in Latin America, several countries in the region went through a period of transition that involved both the political and economic spheres. In this context, economic liberalization and democratization policies were implemented, reshaping Latin American societies. In light of the concepts of 'neoliberalism' and 'democratic transition', analyze the impact of these transformations on the socio-economic structure and governance of Latin American countries. Consider, in your response, the excerpt from the political thinker Guillermo O'Donnell: 'Transitions to democracy can be understood as the conclusion of a process of political decisions that result in the establishment of a democratic regime and the acceptance of pacts and norms that sustain such a regime.' (O'Donnell, 1988). Based on this reflection, evaluate how the mentioned changes may have contributed to the consolidation or weakening of democracies in Latin America and discuss the dilemmas faced by countries that sought to balance democratic principles with the demands of the globalized market.