(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of History

Consider the following excerpt from Jacob Burckhardt, a Swiss historian from the 19th century, reflecting on the Renaissance: 'The Renaissance was the awakening of the individual; a relentless pursuit of all means of expression; an attempt to appropriate and give shape to all nature, both physical and spiritual, and to satisfy all the desires of man.' Based on this statement and your knowledge, answer: (1) How did the transformations that took place in the Renaissance reflect on the development of the arts, with examples of artistic manifestations that illustrate the valorization of the individual and the expression of 'nature, both physical and spiritual'? (2) Considering the economic and political context of the Renaissance, discuss how the rise of the bourgeoisie and the strengthening of cities influenced the cultural and artistic changes during this period.