Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Introduce students to the concept of maps and photographs as visual representations of the world around us, allowing them to explore and understand different places and cultures.

2. Develop the ability to identify and compare different types of maps and photographs, enabling them to understand how visual representations can vary depending on the purpose and context.

3. Stimulate critical thinking and curiosity, encouraging students to ask questions and deepen their understanding of the places and cultures represented in maps and photographs.

Secondary objectives:

• Promote teamwork and collaboration, as students will be encouraged to discuss and share their observations and discoveries with their peers.

• Develop oral expression skills, as students are encouraged to communicate their ideas and opinions during group discussions.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Reviewing content: The teacher starts the lesson by briefly reviewing geography topics already studied, such as cardinal points (north, south, east, and west) and types of landscapes (rural and urban, for example). This review is important so that students can connect the new concepts with what they have previously learned.

2. Problem situations: The teacher presents two situations that may arouse students' interest and contextualize the importance of maps and photographs:

   • 'Let's imagine that you are planning a vacation with your family. How can you find out more about the place you are going to, without ever having been there? And what if I tell you that you can't search on the internet?'

   • 'Now, let's suppose that a relative of yours lives in another country and wants to send a gift to you. How can this person know what your city is like if they have never been here?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher explains that, before the internet and smartphones, people used maps and photographs to get to know and explore the world. He also mentions that, even with so many technologies available today, maps and photographs are still very important because they help us better understand the world we live in.

4. Capturing students' attention: The teacher presents some curiosities about maps and photographs to capture students' attention:

   • 'Did you know that the oldest map in the world was made in Babylon over 2,500 years ago? They used clay to make this map.'

   • 'And about photographs, did you know that the first photograph in history was taken in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce? It took 8 hours for the image to be captured!'

5. Introduction of the topic: The teacher then introduces the topic of the lesson, explaining that they will learn more about maps and photographs, how they are made, and how they can help us understand the world. He also says that, at the end of the lesson, students will have the chance to create their own maps and photographs.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

Suggested fun and interactive activities that can be chosen according to the teacher's preference:

1. Map Treasure Hunt:

   • The teacher divides the class into groups of 4 or 5 students and gives each group a 'treasure' (a simple object, such as a small toy).

   • In different points of the classroom, the teacher spreads a series of maps and photographs (previously selected and printed). Each map and photograph should show a different place or culture.

   • The goal of each group is to find the map or photograph that corresponds to the origin of their 'treasure.' To do this, they must carefully examine each map and photograph, comparing visual and contextual characteristics.

   • The first group to find the correct map or photograph receives a hint about the location of the hidden treasure. The game continues until all treasures are found.

   • At the end, students should share what they learned during the activity, and the teacher discusses with the class the different characteristics of maps and photographs and how they were useful in locating the 'treasures.'

2. Memory Game of Maps and Photographs:

   • The teacher prepares a memory game with pairs of cards (each card containing an image of a different map or photograph).

   • Students are divided into small groups, and in each round, one student from each group must turn over two cards. If the cards form a pair (show the same image), the student earns a point, and the turn passes to the next player.

   • The game continues until all cards are turned over. The student who makes the most pairs wins the round.

   • After the game, the teacher leads a discussion about the different maps and photographs that appeared in the game, encouraging students to share what they noticed and learned about each place or culture represented.

3. Assembly of Map and Photograph Murals:

   • The teacher provides each group with a set of maps and photographs (previously separated) showing different places and cultures.

   • The groups' goal is to create a mural on the classroom wall using the maps and photographs, representing the cultural diversity of the world.

   • During the assembly of the mural, students should discuss and share their observations and discoveries about the different places and cultures represented in the maps and photographs.

   • In the end, each group presents their mural to the class, explaining the choices they made and the interesting things they learned. The teacher leads a general discussion, highlighting the different cultures and places represented.

Important: The teacher should adapt the activities according to the availability of resources and classroom space, as well as ensure that all students can participate actively. Remember that the goal is to promote learning in a playful and engaging way, respecting the pace and characteristics of each student.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: The teacher gathers all students in a large discussion circle. Each group is invited to share their observations, discoveries, and solutions found during the activities. The teacher should encourage all students to participate, asking targeted questions and ensuring a welcoming environment for the expression of opinions. During the discussion, the teacher should emphasize the key concepts learned, such as cultural diversity and the importance of maps and photographs in representing the world.

2. Connection with Theory: After the discussion, the teacher makes the connection between the practical activities and the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. He reinforces the idea that maps and photographs are important tools that help us know and understand the world, and that there are different types of maps and photographs, each with a specific purpose. The teacher can also present some examples of real-world maps and photographs, showing how they are used in different contexts, such as tourism, science, urban planning, among others.

3. Final Reflection: To conclude the lesson, the teacher proposes that students reflect for a minute on what they have learned. He asks two simple questions to guide the reflection:

   • 'What did you discover today that you didn't know before about maps and photographs?'

   • 'How can you use what you learned today in your daily life?'

The teacher gives a minute for students to think about the questions and then invites some volunteers to share their answers with the class. He makes positive comments about the students' answers, reinforcing the learning and the importance of what was discussed during the lesson.

4. Lesson Evaluation: Finally, the teacher evaluates the lesson by asking students what they thought of the activities and if they felt they learned in a fun and interesting way. He also asks for suggestions on how the lesson could be improved in the future. This informal evaluation helps the teacher adjust their teaching strategies and plan future lessons according to the students' needs and interests.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary: The teacher starts the conclusion by recalling the main points discussed during the lesson. He recaps the concept of maps and photographs, explaining that they are important tools to know and understand the world. The teacher also highlights the diversity of maps and photographs that exist, each with a specific purpose. He emphasizes the importance of comparing and analyzing different visual representations to gain a more complete view of a place or culture.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice: The teacher explains how the practical activities of the lesson helped solidify the students' theoretical understanding. He highlights how the Map Treasure Hunt allowed students to apply their knowledge in practice, comparing and analyzing different maps and photographs. He also mentions how the Memory Game and the Mural Assembly reinforced the idea that maps and photographs are useful tools to represent the cultural diversity of the world.

3. Extra Materials: The teacher suggests some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of maps and photographs. He can recommend children's books that address the topic, educational websites with interactive games about maps, documentaries about photography, among others. The teacher emphasizes that these materials are optional but can be very fun and informative.

4. Importance of the Subject: Finally, the teacher highlights the importance of what was learned. He explains that in everyday life, we often need to understand and communicate about places and cultures we do not know personally. Maps and photographs help us do this, allowing us to explore and appreciate the diversity of the world. The teacher also mentions that the ability to analyze and compare different visual representations is an important skill in many areas, from geography to art and history.

5. Closure: The teacher ends the lesson by reinforcing that learning is a continuous process and that he is available to answer any questions or doubts students may have. He also encourages students to continue exploring the world through maps and photographs, reminding them that each new discovery is an opportunity for growth and enrichment.