Lesson Plan Teknis | Lamarckism and Darwinism

Objective

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The aim of this stage is to lay a solid groundwork for students to understand the main theories of evolution, emphasizing the distinctions between Lamarckism and Darwinism. It is vital for students to grasp natural selection and the law of use and disuse, as these concepts are essential for both academic understanding and practical application in today’s job market, where critical thinking and adaptability are highly valued.

Objective Utama:

1. Understand the theories proposed by Lamarck and Darwin.

2. Differentiate between Darwinism and Lamarckism.

3. Grasp the concepts of natural selection and the law of use and disuse.

Objective Sampingan:

1. Encourage the practical application of biological concepts.
2. Foster analytical and critical thinking skills.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The goal of this phase is to establish a solid foundation for students to grasp the primary theories of evolution, emphasizing the differences between Lamarckism and Darwinism. It’s essential for them to understand natural selection and the law of use and disuse, as these concepts are integral to both academic success and practical applications in future careers.

Curiosities and Market Connection

Lamarck was among the first to claim that traits developed during an organism's lifetime could be inherited by its offspring. Darwin took a revolutionary stance with his theory of natural selection, highlighting that individuals with advantageous traits for survival are more likely to reproduce. In the job market, these ideas find applications in various sectors, including biotechnology, where knowledge of genetics and evolution helps develop genetically modified organisms that can resist pests or yield more food.

Contextualization

Over the years, numerous theories have emerged to explain how living organisms evolve and adapt to their surrounding environments. Among the most significant are the theories proposed by Lamarck and Darwin. Grasping these theories is not only crucial for biology studies but also helps us understand how species change over time. This understanding is essential for fields like medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation, where adaptation and evolution have real-world implications.

Initial Activity

Create a brief animated video (2-3 minutes) that outlines Lamarck's and Darwin's theories in simple terms. Following the video, pose a thought-provoking question: 'If you could inherit one trait to pass on to your descendants, what would it be and why?' Have students discuss their thoughts in pairs and then share their insights with the class.

Development

Duration: (30 - 35 minutes)

This stage aims to allow students to apply theoretical concepts through practical activities, thereby promoting lasting comprehension. Furthermore, the reflection activities and practical challenges are designed to cultivate analytical and critical skills, equipping students for real-life situations where such knowledge can be beneficial.

Topics

1. Lamarck's Theory: Law of Use and Disuse

2. Darwin's Theory: Natural Selection

3. Differences and Similarities between Lamarckism and Darwinism

4. Impact of These Theories on Modern Biology

Thoughts on the Subject

Encourage students to reflect on how Lamarck's and Darwin's theories inform our contemporary understanding of evolution. Prompt them to consider how these ideas influence practical fields like agriculture and medicine. This approach will help them appreciate the relevance of these theories in real-world scenarios and foster deeper critical analysis.

Mini Challenge

Natural Selection Simulation

Students will engage in a hands-on activity simulating natural selection by using various types of 'predators' and 'prey'. They will use materials such as colored rice grains and tweezers to represent these roles.

1. Divide the class into groups of 4-5 students.

2. Spread three types of colored rice grains (white, brown, and black) on a surface with areas that match the colors of the grains.

3. Explain that the grains symbolize different prey types and the surface represents the environment.

4. Give students tweezers to act as predators, instructing them to 'hunt' the grains during a 2-minute session.

5. After the 'hunt', count how many grains of each color were 'caught' and how many are left.

6. Discuss with the class which colored grains proved more challenging to catch and how this illustrates the concept of natural selection.

Demonstrate the principle of natural selection in a practical and engaging way, helping students understand how certain traits can enhance the likelihood of survival in specific environments.

**Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

Evaluation Exercises

1. Explain Lamarck's Law of Use and Disuse with a relevant example.

2. Describe Darwin's concept of Natural Selection.

3. Identify three key differences between Lamarckism and Darwinism.

4. How can the theory of Natural Selection be observed in modern agricultural practices?

5. Discuss why understanding evolution is crucial in the development of pharmaceuticals.

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The goal of this stage is to consolidate and reinforce the knowledge acquired throughout the lesson, ensuring that students recognize the importance of the theories studied and their practical applications. This phase also encourages critical reflection and dialogue, allowing students to internalize the concepts and appreciate their relevance in real-world contexts.

Discussion

Begin an open discussion, inviting students to share their reflections on the lesson. Ask how they perceived the connections between Lamarck's and Darwin's theories in relation to their practices during the mini challenge and fixation exercises. Inquire how they envision applying these concepts in areas such as agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. Encourage them to critically assess the significance of these theories in understanding evolution and species adaptation over time.

Summary

Conclude by summarizing the key points covered during the lesson: the theories of Lamarck and Darwin, the law of use and disuse, natural selection, and the main differences between the two theories. Reinforce the understanding of how natural selection favours traits that enhance survival and how the law of use and disuse suggests the evolution of traits over time.

Closing

Wrap up by discussing how the lesson bridged theory with practice, underscoring the vital role of practical activities in grasping theoretical concepts. Highlight the relevance of these theories for career opportunities, especially in fields reliant on an understanding of evolution and species adaptation. Stress how evolution shapes our daily life, particularly in medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation.