Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understanding of the Present Indicative: The main objective is for students to understand and become familiar with the use of the present indicative in Spanish. They should be able to identify and use verbs in this tense.

2. Conjugation of Regular Verbs: Students should learn the conjugation of regular verbs in the present indicative. This includes understanding the general rules of conjugation and applying these rules to different verbs.

3. Practice Conjugating Regular Verbs: In addition to learning the theory, students should have the opportunity to practice conjugating regular verbs. This can be done through written and oral exercises.

Secondary Objectives:

• Review of the Verb Concept: Before diving into conjugation, the teacher should quickly review the concept of a verb. This will ensure that all students are on the same page and can follow the lesson smoothly.

• Promote Active Student Participation: Throughout the lesson, the teacher should encourage active student participation. This can be done through questions, discussions, and group activities. Active participation is essential for understanding and retaining the content.

The teacher should start the lesson by establishing these Objectives and explaining to the students what they should expect to learn. This helps keep students engaged and motivated during the lesson.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Content Review: The teacher should start the lesson by quickly reviewing the concept of a verb, as it is the basis for the day's topic. It may be helpful to ask some questions to assess students' understanding levels and clarify any doubts that may arise.

2. Problem Situations: Next, the teacher can present two problem situations. The first one could be: 'Imagine you are telling a friend about your day. How would you use verbs in Spanish to talk about the things you do routinely?' The second situation could be: 'Suppose you are planning a meeting with friends for next week. How would you use verbs in Spanish to talk about future plans?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain to the students the importance of verbs in the Spanish language. It can be mentioned that verbs are the most important part of speech, as they express the action or state of the subject. Additionally, verbs are used in almost every sentence, making them essential for effective communication in Spanish.

4. Topic Introduction: To introduce the topic and grab students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities about verbs in Spanish. For example, it can be mentioned that Spanish has more verb forms than English, making it an interesting challenge for students. Another curiosity is that, unlike English, Spanish has an informal and a formal form of address, which should be used appropriately based on the situation and the relationship with the person being spoken to.

5. Capturing Students' Attention: To capture students' attention, the teacher can share some popular phrases in Spanish that use the present indicative. For example, 'Me gusta el chocolate' (I like chocolate) and 'Yo hablo español' (I speak Spanish). These simple yet common phrases will help students see the relevance of what they are learning and feel motivated to learn more.

The teacher should conclude the Introduction by reinforcing the importance of the topic and explaining how the lesson will be structured to achieve the established Objectives.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory - Presentation of the Present Indicative (8 - 10 minutes): The teacher should start the theoretical part by explaining what the present indicative is in Spanish. It can be said that it is a verb tense that expresses habitual actions, facts or situations that occur at the moment of speaking, universal truths, or future actions in sentences expressing plans or intentions.

2. Theory - Conjugation of Regular Verbs (8 - 10 minutes): The teacher should then explain the conjugation of regular verbs in the present indicative. Conjugation involves changing the verb ending according to the person and number of the subject. The teacher should provide examples of regular verbs and their conjugations. A chart with the endings for each personal pronoun (yo, tú, él/ella/usted, nosotros/nosotras, vosotros/vosotras, ellos/ellas/ustedes) can be presented.

3. Theory - Exceptions in Verb Conjugation (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then introduce exceptions to the rule of conjugating regular verbs. It should be explained that some verbs follow slightly different conjugation patterns. For example, the verb 'ir' (to go) has a special conjugation for the first person singular (yo voy).

4. Practice - Written Exercises (5 - 7 minutes): After explaining the theory, students should have the opportunity to practice verb conjugation. The teacher should provide a series of written exercises in which students must complete the verb conjugation. The exercises should include a variety of regular and irregular verbs so that students can practice applying the rules.

5. Practice - Oral Exercises (5 - 7 minutes): After the written practice, the teacher should conduct an oral practice activity. Students should be invited to use verbs in complete sentences. It can start with simple sentences and then increase in complexity as students gain confidence.

6. Review (2 - 3 minutes): At the end of the Development part, the teacher should briefly review the content, highlighting key points and answering any questions students may have.

The teacher should ensure that all students are keeping up with and understanding the content. They should be attentive to identify possible difficulties and adjust the instruction accordingly. Additionally, the teacher should encourage active student participation throughout the lesson by asking questions, initiating discussions, and providing constructive feedback.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should divide the class into small groups and ask them to discuss what they learned in the lesson. They should be encouraged to share their findings, questions, and difficulties. The teacher should move around the room, listening to the discussions, answering questions, and providing feedback. This not only helps consolidate learning but also promotes connections among students, which can enhance motivation and engagement.

2. Connection to Practice (3 - 5 minutes): After the group discussion, the teacher should lead a whole-class discussion to connect the theory learned with practice. Students can be asked to share examples of how they could use the present indicative in everyday situations, such as conversations, readings, or writings in Spanish. The teacher should emphasize the relevance of what was learned and how it can be applied outside the classroom.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should ask students to reflect individually on what they learned. They should be encouraged to think about the following questions:

   • What was the most important concept learned today?
   • What questions have not been answered yet?
   • How can you apply what you learned about the present indicative in your daily life?

   The teacher should allow a moment of silence for students to reflect. They may choose to write their answers or simply think about them. The teacher can then invite students to share their reflections if they wish. This not only helps students consolidate what they learned but also provides the teacher with valuable feedback on the effectiveness of the lesson and areas that may need more attention in future classes.

4. Closure (1 minute): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and effort. They should reinforce the importance of what was learned and encourage students to continue practicing outside the classroom. The teacher should also remind students of any homework, if applicable, and of any topics that will be covered in the next lesson.

The Return is a crucial part of the learning process. It helps consolidate what was learned, connect theory to practice, and identify areas for further exploration. Additionally, the Return can help motivate students by providing them with a sense of accomplishment and progress.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Content Review (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by briefly reviewing the main points covered in the lesson. This includes the definition of the present indicative, the conjugation of regular verbs, and the exceptions to this rule. The teacher can use a visual summary or a whiteboard to highlight these points and reinforce students' memory.

2. Connecting Theory with Practice (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory with practice. For example, students had the opportunity to practice verb conjugation through written and oral exercises, which helped solidify their understanding. The teacher can highlight how active student participation was crucial for the success of these activities.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of the present indicative. This may include grammar books, useful websites, language learning apps, YouTube videos, among others. The teacher can also suggest homework assignments or additional exercises for students who want to practice more.

4. Application in Daily Life (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should explain the importance of the present indicative in daily life. It can be mentioned that the present indicative is often used to talk about habitual actions, facts or situations that occur at the moment of speaking, universal truths, or future actions in sentences expressing plans or intentions. Therefore, it is a fundamental verb tense for effective communication in Spanish.

5. Closure (1 minute): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and effort. They should reinforce the importance of what was learned and encourage students to continue practicing outside the classroom. The teacher should also remind students of any homework, if applicable, and of any topics that will be covered in the next lesson.

The Conclusion is a crucial part of the lesson as it helps consolidate what was learned and establish connections with the real world. Additionally, it provides students with resources to continue learning and practicing outside the classroom.